Quercetin is one of the most common flavonoids and is noted for its antioxidant and anticancer characteristics. It is found in fruits, grains, and vegetables and is produced by apples, berries, Brassica vegetables, cannabis, capers, grapes, onions, shallots, tea, and tomatoes. In addition, it can be found in some types of barks, flowers, leaves, nuts, and seeds.

It is estimated that major depressive disorder affects nearly 20 million Americans (including two million children between the ages of three and 17). In addition, 50 million Americans (nearly 20 percent of the population) suffer from chronic pain. A wide collection of research studies has revealed the intimate role played by the ECS with respect to these common physical and psychological diseases.

There are two sources of the cannabinoids that bind with the microscopic cellular receptors that populate the human endocannabinoid system (ECS): The cannabis plant and our own bodies. Cannabinoids produced internally are known as endocannabinoids (or endogenous cannabinoids). Those manufactured by cannabis are categorized as phytocannabinoids and include the infamous delta-8 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD).

There are two sources of the cannabinoids that bind with the microscopic cellular receptors that populate the human endocannabinoid system (ECS): The cannabis plant and our own bodies. Cannabinoids produced internally are known as endocannabinoids (or endogenous cannabinoids). Those manufactured by cannabis are categorized as phytocannabinoids and include the infamous delta-8 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD).

The mainstream and cannabis business press has recently become focused on a minor (and relatively rare) cannabinoid produced by cannabis and hemp called delta-8 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Delta-8 THC is not the infamous molecule responsible for the sometimes potent psychoactivity of marijuana when smoked, vaporized, or eaten. That compound is delta-9 THC.

Welcome to the first homework assignment for Module 4: Terpenes > Lesson 2: Types & Diversity for the course Cannabis Foundation: Part 1 . This short but important assignment teaches students the basic chemical characteristics of terpenes, including their molecular building blocks, isoprenes and the categorizes of terpenes, including monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes.

The following article is an excerpt from Module 3—Lesson 5 of the Higher Learning LV course Cannabis Foundation. Cannabidiol, or CBD, was...

Cannabichromene , or CBC, is a major cannabinoid produced by the hemp plant that was discovered in 1966 by two independent research teams. In the same manner that THC degrades into CBN after exposure to heat or UV light, CBC will, under the same circumstances, degrade into cannabicyclol, or CBL, a non-psychoactive cannabinoid.

Terpenes are one of the three major families of wellness molecules produced by cannabis/hemp/marijuana. As one of the most common types of chemical in nature, more than 40,000 varieties of terpenes exist, with the most common in cannabis being myrcene.

Myrcene , sometimes denoted as β-myrcene, is the most dominant terpene in hemp and sometimes constitutes more than 50 percent of the terpene weight by volume of a particular sample of the herb.

Like ocimene and other terpenes, the major terpene pinene manifests as two closely related isomers: An alpha (α-pinene) and a beta version (β-pinene). Although very similar in molecular structure, different efficacy is delivered by these two compounds.

Cannabigerol, or CBG, was discovered in 1964 by Yehiel Gaoni and Raphael Mechoulam in Israel and has shown a wide range of medicinal efficacy. This includes research indicating that it may be effective in the treatment of bladder dysfunction, cancer in general, colon cancer specifically, glaucoma, Huntington disease, immune dysfunction, multiple sclerosis, and inflammatory bowel disease.

Among the 20 flavonoids produced by cannabis (and many other plants) is a small subset that is found exclusively in hemp called cannflavins . Of these, cannflavin A (sometimes denoted as cannflavin-a or cannflavin-A), cannflavin B, and cannflavin C are the most studied and understood.

In 2004, about 12 years following the discovery of the endocannabinoid system (ECS), a theory regarding the existence of an endocannabinoid deficiency syndrome was published in a research paper entitled "Clinical Endocannabinoid Deficiency (CECD): Can This Concept Explain Therapeutic Benefits of Cannabis in Migraine, Fibromyalgia, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, and Other Treatment-Resistant Conditions?"

There are two primary sources of the cannabinoids that bind with the microscopic cellular receptors that populate the human endocannabinoid system (ECS): the cannabis plant and our own bodies. Cannabinoids produced internally are known as endocannabinoids (or endogenous cannabinoids). Those manufactured by cannabis are categorized as phytocannabinoids and include the infamous delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD).

One biochemical aspect of some, but not necessarily all, cannabinoids and terpenes is something that scientists call a biphasic response...

Flavonoids are the third major family of wellness molecules produced by the hemp plant. The lack of attention to flavonoids by hemp industry professionals and the scientific community has inspired some thought leaders to label them "the red headed stepchildren of phytomolecules."

Discovered in 1969, cannabidivarin, or CBDV, is the varin version of CBD. It has been found to deliver a range of medicinal benefits, including potential anticonvulsant and neurological benefits and the ability to relieve nausea.

Guaiol , pronounced "gweye-all" and sometimes referred to as champacol, is a sesquiterpene that, in isolation, delivers an aroma dominated by pine, often with heavy notes of rose and wood. This terpene is also commonly used as an insect repellant.

Cannabinoids are one of the three families of wellness molecules produced by the cannabis/hemp/marijuana plant species that includes terpenes and flavonoids. Most of the attention of humans toward the plant—including formal research studies and other scientific investigations—have been about the major and dominant cannabinoids tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD).

Flavonoids are the third major family of wellness molecules produced by the cannabis/hemp plant species. The lack of attention to flavonoids by industry professionals and the scientific community has inspired some thought leaders to label them "the red headed stepchildren of phytomolecules."

The cannabis/hemp/marijuana plant species produces three primary families of wellness molecules: Cannabinoids (such as CBD and THC), flavonoids (one of which is described below), and terpenes.

Nanoemulsion technology , sometimes called submicron emulsion , is quickly gaining popularity with wellness professionals, consumers, and emerging hemp brands. This approach to the consumption of some types of molecules that display very poor water solubility, including cannabinoids and flavonoids, is complex in detail but easily grasped in general theory.

This article is brought to you by the Cannabis Commerce + Chemistry Podcast. A variety of both favorable medicinal efficacies as well as...